Elevated single column-borne house of precast concrete elements and posttensioned tendons

ABSTRACT

Single column-borne elevated house units are erected by assembling, on a cast-in-situ foundation pillar, column sections provided with means for fastening same together and to the foundation pillar and by fastening to said column sections radially arranged cantilever beams. The assembled parts are fastened together and to the foundation pillar by means of tendon sections which are first coupled together by means of joints, and then tensioned and eventually bonded to the concrete of the assembled parts by forcing grout in the clearance spaces all around the tendon rods.

United States Patent [72] Inventor m 1,447,942 3/1923 Fitzgerald 52/295 X 61,vhChluh,l.aSpnh,lm 2,035,007 3/1936 Workman..... 52/73 [21] Appl. N0. 012,525 2,724,261 11/1955 Rensaa 52/295 [22] Filed MI. 4, 1969 3,110,982 11/1963 Besinger 52/295 X [45] Patented All. 24, 1971 3,225,499 12/1965 Kourken.... 52/230 [32] Priority MI. 9, 1960 3,255,990 6/1966 Williams... 52/73 X 33 nu, 3,452,493 7/l969 Mims 52/73 [31] 6067A! 3,455,069 /1969 Keyes 52/73 3,466,823 9/1969 Dowling 52/73 X [54 ELEVATED smcu: COLUMN-loans HOUSE or him? g g 'z PRECASI" CONCREI'EEEMENTSAND man, l'os'l'rmslommnous 8C 23 I ABSTRACT: Single column-borne elevated house units are 1 1 52/73 erected by assembling, on a cast-in-situ foundation pillar, 52122152037, 52/295 column sections provided with means for fastening same 1 1 E041 together and to the foundation pillar and by fastening to said 1 1 ENC/3R5; column sections radially arranged cantilever beams. The as- 234 sembled parts are fastened together and to the foundation pillar by means of tendon sections which are first coupled [56] W cm together by means of joints, and then tensioned and eventually UNITED STATES PATENTS bonded to the concrete of the assembled parts by forcing 998,839 7/191 1 Carleton....................... 52/296 X grout in the clearance spaces all around the tendon rods.

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ELEVATED SINGLE COLUMN-BORNE HOUSE OF PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS AND POSTTENSIONED TENDONS This invention relates to improvements in the construction of elevated houses, supported by columns or pillars and in which the lower floor is well elevated above the ground.

Elevated houses supported by columns or pillars and in which the ground floor is missing are known and commonly constructed whenever it is desired to have an open space below the first floor, which might be utilized as sheltered open space and even as covered lawn. These houses however are usually constructed by specialized crafts at the building site and thus they are usually rather costly.

The main object of the invention is to provide elevated houses which can be for the most part from factory made concrete elements adapted to be readily assembled at the building site on a single-pile foundation cast in situ and wherein the other elements are made of precast concrete connected together by means of tendon sections adapted to be joined together, post-tensioned and bonded to the concrete elements by cement mortar or grout.

Another object of the invention is to provide house units which can be readily made by mechanized operation at the factory and asembled into house units on a centrally erected column or pillar, thus forming elevated single column-borne house units which, in many cases, might be assembled into adjoining groups of house units, each supported on a single column, while the group may be served, for example by a single staircase or a single elevator.

Other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the preferred methods of constructing single column-borne elevated house units will better appear from the following specification made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the supporting structure of the elevated house unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a group of radially arranged floor-supporting beams;

FIGS. 4 through 9 show, in vertical section, one of the preferred methods for erecting the house-bearing central column and fitting thereto the house floor and roof-supporting cantilever beams;

FIG. 9a is an enlarged detail sectional view of the bottom end of a part of a wall of a hollow column showing the recess for giving access to the connection of the vertical reinforcing tendon sections;

FIGS. 10 and 11 show in horizontal and vertical respectively the sheathed vertical prestressing rods which extend from the foundation pit up to the floor and the roofing;

FIGS. 12 and 13 show in vertical and horizontal section, respectively, the preferred method of assembling the roofing supporting cantilever beams to the bearing column;

FIGS. 14 and 15 show in vertical and horizontal section, respectively, details of the floor-carrying cantilever beams assembled and connected to the supporting column;

FIG. 16 diagrammatically shows, in vertical section, the method of forcing grout into the clearance spaces between the sheaths or bores and the vertical prestressing rods housed therein;

FIG. I7 diagrammatically shows in elevation 21 distributing piping for radially injecting from a central bottom position the slurry of cement mortar or grout into the clearance spaces or sheaths in which the vertical prestressing rods are encased;

FIGS. I8 and 19 are two elevation views showing the arrangement of a hydraulic elevator mounted adjacent the entrance of a single-floored house;

FIGS. 20 and 21 show in plan view and in elevation a group of multifloored house units according to the invention, and

FIG. 22 shows in elevation a group of house units each of which comprises two superposed spaced single-floored houses, each house unit being supported by a single central column or pillar.

Referring now to the drawings in detail the reference numeral 1 indicates an elevated house supporting column which is supported either on a large diameter pile 2 cast or otherwise forced into the ground as shown in FIG. 2, or inserted with its base portion into a small diameter pit (FIGS. 4 through 11 and 16).

If it is the case of a pit foundation, once the digging for the foundation has been executed as deep as required, as shown in FIG. 4, it is coated at its peripheral walls and bottom with a thick layer of preferably reinforced concrete sides 3 and bottom 4. A cage I05 of sheathed prestressing steel rods 5, extending up to the ground level, is thereafter placed into the concrete pit which is then filled with concrete 6 up to almost the ground level. When the concrete is not yet completely hardened, a light prefabricated base 7, FIG. 5 is fitted thereupon, so that the screw-threaded ends of the vertical rods 5 of cage project out the base 7.

Similarly a foundation pile 2 (FIG. 6) is constructed. Starting from a predetermined pile height, a cage I05 of prestressing rods 5 is placed into a drilled pit, followed by the casting of concrete pile 2 substantially up to the ground level, and the base plate 7 is placed. it is to be noted that in both cases, the rods 5 embedded in the foundation are provided with sheaths, end washers and connecting turnbuckle joints or the like. Cage 105 is embedded in concrete 6 cast in situ while the rods 5 are freely stretchable within the bores or sheaths in which they are encased, in order to permit their post-tensioning from their free or top ends, as it will be seen hereafter.

Once the foundation is completed, the assembling of the prefabricated bearing elements of the house proper is begun.

The prefabricated elements to be employed for constructing the bearing frame of the elevated house are principally the centrally erected pillar or column sections I and I4 in the drawing, and the cantilever beams 12 and 16 fastened by their head end to the top of each of the column sections.

The lower column section I is made of reinforced concrete and, like the upper column section I4, to be described hereinafter, is hollow at its interior, for accommodating some house fittings, such as tanks, pipings, cables, and the like. The column section I is usually smooth at its lower end and is shaped to fit the surface of the supporting plate 7 (FIGS. 5, 6 and 7), on which it seated. The top end of the column section 1, as clearly shown in FIG. 14, has an annular step I01 for fitting thereon the stepped head ends 112 of the floor-supporting beams 12, and a narrower annular step 301 at its top, for centering the complementarily shaped bottom end of a subsequent column section I4, FIG. 12, adapted to be fitted thereon,

The column section I4, assuming be the last or top section of superposed columns, is provided near its top with an annular step 114 for receiving the complementarily shaped inner end of the roof-supporting cantilever beams 16, while its bottom end is shaped, so as to fit exactly onto the stepped portion 301 of the lower column 1.

If however the column section I4 is not the last section, its top end is shaped like the top end of column 1, FIG. I4, while the bottom end is shaped so as to exactly fit onto this top end of the underlying column.

Embedded in the top ends of the columns I, and I4, are tendons-anchoring members in the form of sleeve-shaped strong steel rims I0 provided with through bores which correspond to bores (either sheathed or not) in the facing part of the column. In these bores tendon rod sections II, 18 (FIGS. I2 to I5) are fitted with screw-threaded ends, so as to be connected by means of turnbuckle joints or the like to reversely threaded ends of aligned tendon rods carried by beams to be described hereinafter.

Onto column sections I, I4 or other column sections, in case the house is not single floored, a plurality of angularly equispaced overhanging or cantilever beams I2, I6 are fastened radially.

These beams 12, 16 comprise an enlarged head section 112 (FIG. 14 and 15) or 116 respectively (FIG. 12 and 13) provided with an undercut step adapted to be fitted onto the column steps 101 or 114 respectively, Each beam l2, 16 is rectangular trapezoidal in longitudinal section, with the sides at right angles to the bases being the upper one for the beams 12 designed for supporting a floor deck and the lower one for the beams 16 designed for supporting only the roofing deck elements.

Both columns 1, 14 and beams 12 and 16 are precast and provided with through longitudinal bores, which may be either bare or sheathed and serve for inserting longitudinal reinforcing rods 8 (FIGS. 8, 9, 15 and 16), 20 (201 or 202), figures 12 and 13, 13 (FIGS. 14 and 15) and 19 (FIGS. 12 and 13), which serve not only as connecting members, but also as tendons adapted to be post-tensioned after the mounting of the columns and beams and prior to pouring the grout or cement mortar, as will be better seen hereinafter. The beam heads are further provided with vertical bores aligned with corresponding tendons 5, 8 and 120-220 of columns 1, 14. In order to connect the facing tendon rod ends together and/or with the tendon rod sections 11 and 18 (FIGS. 12 through 15) projecting substantially radially out of the top section of the columns I and 14, the rods are provided at their ends with screw threads connected to the inverse screw threads of facing rods or tendon sections by means of turnbuckle joints.

In order to permit the connection of these tendon sections, recesses 15 are provided communicating with the longitudinal bores both near the bottom end of the column sections 1 and 14 (see FIG. 9a) and in the enlarged head ends of the cantilever beams 12 and 16(see FIGS. 12 through 15).

The assembling of thus described prefabricated elements is effected as follows:

Onto the base plate 7, from which the ends of the rods project, the first preferably hollow precast column section 1 (FIG. 6) is erected on the site. Previously, if necessary, a thin layer of cement mortar or of a binding composition, as an epoxy resin or the like, is applied. In the longitudinal holes of this column 1, in which, the tendon sheaths are encased. The short vertical tendon rods 8 are inserted until their lower screw-threaded ends project into a recess 15, FIG. 9a, aligned with an adjacent the inversely screw-threaded ends of the rods 5. These rod ends are then coupled together by means of a turnbuckle joint 9. Whereafter onto the upper screw-threaded ends of the rods 8, project slightly in two shallow recesses (not shown) in the top end of the column 1, washers I7 and screw nuts are threaded thereon. Thereafter the rods 5 and 8, connected together, are tensioned, forexample by means of a jack applied to the top end of rods 8, and the post tensioned rods are left under tension by screwing the nuts on washers 17 (see FIG. In this manner the column 11 comes to be rigidly connected to the foundation.

The supporting frame of the first floor of the elevated house, as shown in FIG. 3, consists of a plurality (eight, in the example shown) of the cantilever beams 12 mounted with their head ends I12 on the top end of column I.

In FIGS 7, l4 and 15 it has been shown how one of these beams 12 is connected to the column I: The beam 12, suspended from a wheeled crane (not shown) is brought with the inner end of its head 112 into alignment with the projecting ends of the substantially radial tendon sections 11 fastened by their inner ends to the rim 10 in column I. Then the beam head is moved horizontally so as to thread into the holes provided longitudinally in the head 112 the projecting ends of tendons 11, until the ends align with the ends of corresponding longitudinal tendons 13 of beams 12, projecting into the recess 15. Thereafter the ends of tendons 11 and 13 are coupled together by means of a turnbuckle joint 9 and the whole tendon composed of the parts 13, 9 and 11 is tensioned as usual, by means of a jack reacting against the outer end of the beam, whereafter the tendons are anchored in a conventional manner to the concrete to apply the prestress.

For this purpose the nuts at the end of the tendons 13 (see FIG. 14) are tightened and, eventually, grout is forced from the outer beam ends or otherwise into the sheaths or in the clearance space all around the tendons, to establish bond with the beam concrete.

Once the first floor beams 12 are fastened to the column I, the second column section 14 is placed onto the first column 1 and centered thereon by means of the upper step 301. This second column section 14 has longitudinal holes aligned with the projecting free ends of the rods 5 which are not connected to rods 8. Shallow recesses in the top section of 14 contain the top ends of the rods 8, to house same and the corresponding screw nuts. Into the longitudinal holes of this second column section 14 (which holes, as in the column section I, may be either bare or sheathed) long tendon rods 201 and 202 are inserted. It should be mentioned that these rods prior to inserting in the column 14 bores are indicated generally at 20 and are in length and are preferably used in an even number (eight in the case as shown) and are numbered alternately 201 and 202 to indicate that they are in an uneven or even position.

Once the second column section is fitted in place, those rods 201, which we shall call "uneven" are inserted through alternate holes of the column section 14, as well as through corresponding aligned holes in the underlying beam heads 112 and corresponding longitudinal holes in column section 1 and down to a corresponding recess 15 near the lower end of the column section 1, where they are temporarily connected by means of a turnbuckle joint to the corresponding upper end of a rod 5, while the top end of rod 201 is tightly connected to the top of the column 14 by means of a washer and a screw nut 17.

When the column section 14 is tightly connected to the underlying column section 15 by means of the uneven rods 201, a part (possibly one-half) of the roofing-supporting beams 16 are mounted in like manner as the floor supporting beams 12 by providing same with tendon sections 19 extending so that their ends project into the recesses 15 and by inserting in corresponding longitudinal holes provided in the head end 116 of the beams the ends of tendon sections 18 anchored to rim near the top of column section 14 and then joining the aligned oppositely screw-threaded ends of each tendon rod 18 and 19 by means of a turnbuckle joint 9 (FIG. 13 and 14).

This done, the "even rods 202 are passed through aligned holes in the head ends of roofing" beams 16, the column section 14, the head ends of floor beams 12 and the underlying first column section 1, until the lower threaded ends of rods 202 approach the oppositely screw-threaded end of a corresponding rod 5, to which it is connected by a turnbuckle joint. When all roofing beams corresponding to the even rods 202 have been fastened, the uneven rods 201 are again dismounted and the remaining floor beams are mounted on the top end of the column section 14 in like manner as just described, and the uneven" rods 201 are again fitted in place and all rods, 201 and 202 are tensioned by means of a jack and held under tension by screw nuts.

After all roofing beams have been completely fastened and the rods have been completely post-tensioned, they are bonded to the concrete by forcing grout or cement mortar into the clearance spaces or the sheaths surrounding them.

Once the flooring and roofing supporting structures are completed, prefabricated floor deck and roof deck slabs, as well as the factory made wall panels are assembled in any conventional manner, by fastening to the beams, otherwise floor and roof decks may be constructed between the beams either by casting of concrete or in any other conventional manner. As, however, these constructional details do not form a part of the invention, their detailed description is unnecessary.

FIGS. 16 and 17 show an arrangement of a fluid grout feed pipe 23 connected to a distributing box 21 provided with radial ducts 22 opening under the sheaths of the rods 5 and serving for injecting or otherwise forcing grout in all clearance spaces around the tendon rods, to efiect the bonding of the rods with the concrete after their posttensioning. The forcing of the grout into the clearance spaces all around the tendons of the beams may be effected also from the outer beam ends.

FIGS. 18 and 19 show how an elevated house may be entered by means of a hydraulic elevator 25, without having recourse to the staircase.

FIGS. 20, 21 and 22 show how single-column borne even multifloored house units, constructed by the described method according to the invention, may be grouped and served by common staircases, lifts or other service appliances.

FIG. 22 shows also a two-floored house, in which the first floor borne by columns 1, is separated from the second floor, borne by columns 24, mounted on columns 1. The large clearance space between the two vertically separated house units permits the roofing of the first floor to serve as a terrace.

These last-described buildings are described to illustrate the wide possibilities of elevated houses, built by assembling on a single foundation pillar cast in situ a plurality of prefabricated concrete elements according to the invention.

lclaim:

l. A building comprising a concrete foundation, a metallic reinforcing cage embedded in the concrete of said foundation including a plurality of threaded bars projecting above the upper surface of said foundation. a prefabricated hollow concrete column mounted on said foundation and extending vertically upwardly therefrom, said column having a plurality of vertical bores formed therein in aligned relation to said threaded bars, a plurality of tendon rods extending vertically through said bores and adjustably connected at their lower ends to said bars, a plurality of radially extending prefabricated concrete deck supporting beams having their inner ends supported on the upper end of said column spaced a substantial height from the ground and having a plurality of vertical bores through which said tendon rods extend, a second prefabricated hollow concrete column supported on the upper end of said first column and having a plurality of vertical bores through which said tendon rods extend, a

second plurality of radially extending prefabricated concrete deck supporting beams having their inner ends supported on said second column and having a plurality of vertical bores through which said tendon rods extend, means extending longitudinally through each of said beams connected to said first and second columns for securing said beams to said columns, means on the upper end of said tendon rods for tensioning said rods for binding said foundation, said columns and said beams together, a deck structure supported on said first plurality of beams and a deck structure supported in vertically spaced relation on said second plurality of beams.

2. A building as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said tendon rods is embedded in concrete.

3. A building as claimed in claim 2 wherein the means extending longitudinally through said beams includes horizontal tendon rods extending through bores in said beams and means in said columns to which the inner end of said horizontal tendon rods are connected.

4. A building as claimed in claim 3 wherein the means in said columns to which the inner ends of said horizontal tendon rods are connected comprises a steel cylinder embedded in the concrete of said columns.

5. A building as claimed in claim 4 wherein means on the outer ends of said horizontal tendon rods tension said horizontal tendon rods.

6. A building as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means extending longitudinally through said beams includes horizontal tendon rods extending through bores in said beams and means in said columns to which the inner end of said horizontal tendon rods are connected.

7. A building as claimed in claim 6 wherein the means in said columns to which the inner ends of said horizontal tendon rods are connected comprises a steel cylinder embedded in the concrete of said columns I I 8. A building as claimed in claim 7 wherein means on the outer ends of said horizontal tendon rods tension said horizontal tendon rods. 

1. A building comprising a concrete foundation, a metallic reinforcing cage embedded in the concrete of said foundation including a plurality of threaded bars projecting above the upper surface of said foundation, a prefabricated hollow concrete column mounted on said foundation and extending vertically upwardly therefrom, said column having a plurality of vertical bores formed therein in aligned relation to said threaded bars, a plurality of tendon rods extending vertically through said bores and adjustably connected at their lower ends to said bars, a plurality of radially extending prefabricated concrete deck supporting beams having their inner ends supported on the upper end of said column spaced a substantial height from the ground and having a plurality of vertical bores through which said tendon rods extend, a second prefabricated hollow concrete column supported on the upper end of said first column and having a plurality of vertical bores through which said tendon rods extend, a second plurality of radially extending prefabricated concrete dEck supporting beams having their inner ends supported on said second column and having a plurality of vertical bores through which said tendon rods extend, means extending longitudinally through each of said beams connected to said first and second columns for securing said beams to said columns, means on the upper end of said tendon rods for tensioning said rods for binding said foundation, said columns and said beams together, a deck structure supported on said first plurality of beams and a deck structure supported in vertically spaced relation on said second plurality of beams.
 2. A building as claimed in claim 1 wherein each of said tendon rods is embedded in concrete.
 3. A building as claimed in claim 2 wherein the means extending longitudinally through said beams includes horizontal tendon rods extending through bores in said beams and means in said columns to which the inner end of said horizontal tendon rods are connected.
 4. A building as claimed in claim 3 wherein the means in said columns to which the inner ends of said horizontal tendon rods are connected comprises a steel cylinder embedded in the concrete of said columns.
 5. A building as claimed in claim 4 wherein means on the outer ends of said horizontal tendon rods tension said horizontal tendon rods.
 6. A building as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means extending longitudinally through said beams includes horizontal tendon rods extending through bores in said beams and means in said columns to which the inner end of said horizontal tendon rods are connected.
 7. A building as claimed in claim 6 wherein the means in said columns to which the inner ends of said horizontal tendon rods are connected comprises a steel cylinder embedded in the concrete of said columns.
 8. A building as claimed in claim 7 wherein means on the outer ends of said horizontal tendon rods tension said horizontal tendon rods. 